Placental insufficiency is a condition where the placenta fails to provide the necessary nutrients and oxygen to the developing fetus during pregnancy. This can lead to restricted growth and development of the fetus, and may result in complications such as low birth weight, preterm birth, and even stillbirth. Placental insufficiency is often associated with conditions such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and hypertension. Diagnosis of placental insufficiency typically involves monitoring the fetus through ultrasounds, Doppler flow studies, and other tests to assess the placental function and fetal well-being. Treatment may involve close monitoring of the pregnancy, lifestyle changes, medication, and in severe cases, early delivery of the baby.